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spatial data infrastructure
A spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a data infrastructure implementing a framework of geographic data, metadata, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way. Another definition is "the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data".〔The White House, Office of Management and Budget (2002) (Circular No. A-16 Revised ), August 19, 2002〕
A further definition is given in Kuhn (2005):〔Kuhn, W. (2005) (presentation "Introduction to Spatial Data Infrastructures" ). Presentation held on March 14, 2005.〕 "An SDI is a coordinated series of agreements on technology standards, institutional arrangements, and policies that enable the discovery and use of geospatial information by users and for purposes other than those it was created for."
== General ==
Some of the main principles are that data and metadata should not be managed centrally, but by the data originator and/or owner, and that tools and services connect via computer networks to the various sources.〔Steiniger, S., and Hunter, A.J.S. (2012) (preprint "Free and open source GIS software for building a spatial data infrastructure" ). In E. Bocher and M. Neteler (eds): ''Geospatial Free and Open Source Software in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the first Open-Source Geospatial Research Symposium'', 2009, LNG&C, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 247-261.〕 A GIS is often the platform for deploying an individual node within an SDI. To achieve these objectives, good coordination between all the actors is necessary and the definition of standards is very important.
Due to its nature (size, cost, number of interactors) an SDI is usually government-related. An example of an existing SDI is the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in the United States. At the European side, INSPIRE is a European Commission initiative to build a European SDI beyond national boundaries and ultimately the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure (UNSDI) will do the same for over 30 UN Funds, Programmes, Specialized Agencies and member countries.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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